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Assessment of Squint (Eye Examination)
Many students – including me – are a little confused when it comes to assessment of eye squint (strabismus) cases. The fact that there are latent squint cases rather than the easily noticed manifest...
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Antibiotics (overview/uses) for USMLE Step 2 CK
This is a summary for the major uses of antibiotics regarding the type of infection. Extracted from KAPLAN lecture notes and other sources. I stressed on stuff like “1st choice” and “2nd choice” items...
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Overcoming Necrotizing Fasciitis, the flesh-eating bacteria
Being in the dermatology rounds these days, I’ve been studying dermatology topics. While I was researching necrotizing fasciitis, a rare life-threatening skin disease, I came across Vance “Bo”...
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Dermatology Spot-Diagnosis Exam Done
I had a dermatology spot-diagnosis exam a couple of days ago. It’s taken at the end of the dermatology round. There were 5 live cases, which were to be diagnosed or described (according to the...
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Bilharziasis (Clinical Staging/Stages)
STAGE 1 Hepatomegaly STAGE 2 Hepatomegaly + spleen begins to enlarge STAGE 3 STEP 1 The enlarged liver is tender + splenomegaly STEP 2 Shrunken liver + splenomegaly STAGE 4 Ascites arises STAGE 5 Liver...
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Lung Breath Sounds (Abnormalities)
¶ Reduced Vesicular (normal) breathing • Reduced airflow General (bilateral usually): Emphysema Local: » Bronchiolitis » Tumor causing bronchial obstruction » Lodged F.B. (esp. in children) • Reduced...
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Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD)/ including Pneumoconioses
Hello everyone So, while I was having my oral exams this year, I came across a question that many people were asked: “ILD”, so I looked it up to find that it includes a very wide range of diseases that...
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Cortisol/Glucocorticoids/Corticosteroids (actions and side effects)
Recently it striked me the prevalence of use of Cortisone, secondary to prevalence of collagen and autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory or allergic conditions. Maybe the incidence is the same, but...
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Abnormalities of Heart Beats
¶ S1 • pronounced in MS • weak in MR/MP ¶ S2 weak in both AS and AR ¶ S3 (blood splash!) • comes just after S2 (early diastole) • lub-dub-‘dub’ • normal in children, young adults, athletes, pregnancy,...
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Causes of Hemoptysis
Most common • Bronchogenic Carcinoma (++) • Pulmonary Infarction (++) • T.B. (+) Common • Bronchiectasis • Lung abscess (+ pus) • Bronchitis (acute; chronic; COPD) Uncommon • Tumors of Trachea, Larync...
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